Ts'ebeliso le litemoso tsa mechini ea mantlha ea ho thunya
Mochini oa mantlha oa ho thunya ke lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tse sebelisoang indastering ea sejoale-joale bakeng sa tlhahiso e potlakileng le e kholo- ea li- sand cores. E fumana mokokotlo oa lehlabathe o nang le litekanyo tse nepahetseng le matla a phahameng ka ho thunya lehlabathe la mantlha ka lebelo le phahameng ka har'a lebokose le futhumetseng la mantlha le ho le thatafatsa ka potlako.
Se latelang ke tlhahlobo e qaqileng ea ts'ebeliso ea mantlha ea mochini oa ho thunya le mehato ea bohlokoa ea ho itšireletsa.
I. Lisebelisoa tse ka Sehloohong tsa Mechini ea ho Thunya ea Core
Mochini oa mantlha o sebetsa haholo-mokhoeng oa ho etsa core (mokhoa oa hot core box) o sebelisang lehlabathe le koahetsoeng (resin sand). Lithako tsa lehlabathe tse hlahisoang ke eona li sebelisetsoa ho etsa likoti tse rarahaneng tsa ka hare, likoti kapa mekhoa e metle ea ka ntle ea li-castings.
1. Ts'ebetso e sebetsang
Ts'ebetso ea lebokose la mantlha: Ena ke ts'ebeliso ea khale le ea mantlha ea mochini oa ho thunya oa mantlha. Sebelisa lehlabathe le koahetsoeng (lehlabathe la quartz le nang le lesela la phenolic kapa furan resin e koahetsoeng ka holimo). The core box e futhumatsoa hoo e ka bang 200-280 degrees C. Ka lebaka la mocheso, lehlabathe le tlositsoeng lea qhibiliha,{5}}li hokahane le ho tiea ka mor'a metsotsoana e mashome, ho etsa motheo oa lehlabathe o matla haholo.
Ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea lebokose: Molao-motheo o ts'oana, empa mocheso oa lebokose la mantlha o tlase (hoo e ka bang 150-180 degree), 'me ho sebelisoa resin e khethehileng ea furan. Lebelo la ho folisa le fokotseha hanyane, empa boleng ba mantlha ba lehlabathe le botsoalle ba tikoloho bo betere.
Cold core box process: Le hoja ho boetse ho na le ketso ea "ho thunya", hangata e phethoa ke mochine oa ho thunya oa lebokose le batang. E etsa hore resin e fole hang hang ka ho butsoela ka khase ea amine (triethylamine) ka mor'a ho phatloha ha lehlabathe. Sebopeho sa thepa le litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho li fapane haholo le tsa mochini oa ho thunngoa oa hot core box core.
2. Liindasteri tsa kopo le lihlahisoa tsa mechini ea mantlha ea ho thunya
Mechini ea ho thunngoa ea mantlha e loketse ka ho khetheha bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-cores tsa lehlabathe ka bongata, tse nang le mekhoa e nepahetseng e phahameng le e rarahaneng.
Indasteri ea tlhahiso ea likoloi
Enjene: Cylinder block, cylinder head jacket ea mantlha, mantlha ea phasejeng ea oli, mokokotlo oa crankcase. Ena ke sebaka sa ts'ebeliso e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetesisa ea mochini oa ho thunya oa mantlha, o nang le litlhokahalo tse phahameng haholo bakeng sa ho nepahala ha boholo le pheletso ea bokaholimo ba mokokotlo oa lehlabathe.
Gearbox: Mokotla o ka hare oa lehlabathe la 'mele oa ntlo le valve.
Sistimi ea Braking: Brake calipers, brake disc cores.
Lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe le liphaephe
Ho na le tlhokahalo e kholo ea li-cores tsa lehlabathe tse ka hare tsa li-valve tse fapaneng, lisebelisoa tsa lipeipi le likarolo tse hokelang.
Mechini ea kaho le mechini ea temo
Li-cores tsa lehlabathe bakeng sa likarolo tsa hydraulic, 'mele oa pompo le li-casings.
Libaka tse ling tsa motheo:
Lisebelisoa leha e le life tsa tšepe, tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe kapa aluminium alloy castings tse hlokang li-cavities tse rarahaneng tse ka hare li ka kenngoa ka mochine oa ho thunngoa oa mantlha.
3. Melemo ea mantlha
Bokhoni bo phahameng: Nako e khuts'oane ea potoloho (hangata metsotsoana e 20 ho isa ho e 90), e khonang ho iketsetsa tlhahiso e tsoelang pele.
Ho nepahala ho phahameng le boleng bo holimo: Khatello e phahameng ea ente, mokokotlo oa lehlabathe o teteaneng, litekanyo tse nepahetseng, bokaholimo bo boreleli, ka hona ho fumana li-burrs tse fokolang ka har'a lekhalo le ka hare la ho lahla le litekanyo tse nepahetseng.
Tekanyo e phahameng ea boits'oaro: Ho bonolo ho fihlella khokahano e ikemetseng ea lits'ebetso tse latelang joalo ka sampole ea mantlha, kopano ea mantlha, ho roala le ho omisa.
Matla a tlase a basebetsi le tikoloho e batlang e ntlafetse: Ha e bapisoa le mokhoa oa khale oa ho etsa{0}}, e na le maemo a holimo a ho sebetsa le ho koalloa.
Ii. Litlhokomeliso bakeng sa Tšebeliso ea Lithunya tsa Core
Ts'ebetso ea mochini oa ho thunya oa mantlha o kenyelletsa mocheso o phahameng, khatello e phahameng, likarolo tse tsamaeang le likhase tsa lik'hemik'hale. Hoa hlokahala ho latela ka tieo lits'ebetso ho netefatsa polokeho ea motho, botsitso ba lisebelisoa le boleng ba sehlahisoa.
(1) Mehato ea Tšireletso:
Tšireletso e phahameng-ea mocheso
Lebokose la mantlha, poleiti ea ho futhumatsa le likarolo tse potolohileng li mocheso o phahameng haholo (ka holimo ho likhato tse 200). Ho thibetsoe ka thata hore karolo leha e le efe ea 'mele kapa lintho tse tukang li kopane le tsona. Thepa e tlameha ho ba le mamati le likoahelo tse sireletsang mocheso ka botlalo.
Pele o bula lemati la tšireletso bakeng sa tlhokomelo, ho hloekisa kapa ho lokisoa, hoa hlokahala ho netefatsa hore ho futhumatsa ho tima 'me ho emetse nako e lekaneng hore hlobo e pholile.
Lithapo tsa lehlabathe le chesang tse tlositsoeng li lokela ho behoa holim'a literei tse pholileng kapa mabanta a conveyor ho thibela ho chesa le mollo.
Matla a Phahameng a Matla le Tšireletseho ea Mechini
Nakong ea lehlabathe, khatello ea tanka ea polokelo ea khase le liphaephe e phahame haholo (hangata 0.4-0.7 MPa). Ho thibetsoe ka thata ho arola likarolo tsa moea kapa ho etsa tlhokomelo tlas'a khatello.
Liketso tsa mochini oa ho thunya oa mantlha joalo ka ho koala hlobo, ho buloa ha hlobo le ejection ea mantlha li tsamaisoa ke matla a hydraulic kapa pneumatic, a matla haholo. Etsa bonnete ba hore matsoho a hau a lule hole le sebaka sa ho koala hlobo ha thepa e qala. Latela ka tieo mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea likonopo tse peli- tsa ho qala.
Kamehla hlahloba tsamaiso ea haeteroliki, lisilindara le lipeipi ho thibela ho lutla ha oli kapa ho phatloha ha lipeipi.
Tšireletseho ea motlakase
Ho theoa ha mochini oa mantlha oa ho thunya ho tlameha ho ts'epahala. Pele o lokisa karolo ea motlakase, etsa bonnete ba hore o khaola motlakase o moholo ebe o o notlela ka letšoao.
Mokhoa oa ho futhumatsa o na le matla a maholo, 'me lipotoloho le likarolo li atisa ho tsofala, kahoo ho hlokahala tlhahlobo ea kamehla.
Tšireletseho ea lik'hemik'hale le lerole (haholo-holo mabokose a batang a mantlha):
Hot core box: Ha lehlabathe le koahetsoeng le futhumatsoa, le tla hlahisa mosi o monyenyane o nang le phenol le aldehyde. Ho tlameha ho be le pokello e matla ea lerōle le tsamaiso ea ho ntša metsi ka holim'a lisebelisoa ho isa khase e litšila ho ea ka ntle kapa ho sesebelisoa sa phekolo.
Cold core box: The catalyst e sebelisoang (joaloka triethylamine) e chefo, e ka cha ebile ea phatloha. Thepa e tlameha ho ba le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho tiisa 'me e be le lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle tsa ho ntša khase (sesebelisoa sa ho se nke lehlakore). Lialamo tsa ho lutla ha khase li hloka ho kenngoa sebakeng sa mosebetsi.
Sebaka sa mantlha-seo ho etsoang ho sona se lokela ho ba le-moea o kenang hantle 'me basebetsi ba roale limaske tse ba sireletsang.
(2) Litlhokomelo bakeng sa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea mochini oa ho thunya oa mantlha
Tlhophiso le tlhokomelo ea hlobo (core box):
Preheating: Liforomo tse ncha kapa tse seng li sa sebelisoe ka nako e telele li tlameha ho futhumatsoa pele butle-butle le hantle (hangata ka lihora tse 'maloa) ho thibela ho senyeha kapa ho phunyeha ho bakoang ke ho phahama ka tšohanyetso ha mocheso.
Ho hloekisoa le ho fafatsoa ha hlobo: Ka mor'a potoloho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, lehlabathe le setseng karolong e ka holimo ea lebokose la mokokotlo le molomo li lokela ho hloekisoa ka sethunya sa moea. Hangata le ka mokhoa o lekanang o fafatsa lihlahisoa tsa hlobo (tse kang silicone oli emulsion) ho thibela hlobo e khomarelang, empa ts'ebeliso e feteletseng e tla ama boleng ba bokaholimo le boholo ba motheo oa lehlabathe.
Tlhokomelo ea kamehla: Lekola hore na molamu o ka holimo, seselaete le kholomo ea tataiso li koahetse kapa li khomaretsoe, 'me u li tlotse ka nako. Boloka plug ea exhaust e se na tšitiso.
Ntlafatso ea liparamente tsa ts'ebetso ea sandblasting bakeng sa mochini oa mantlha oa ho bopa
Khatello ea lehlabathe le nako: Khatello e sa lekaneng e ka lebisa ho li-cores tsa lehlabathe tse hlephileng le matla a sa lekaneng. Khatello e feteletseng e ka senya hlobo kapa ea baka "lehlabathe le matha" (lehlabathe le tsoa sebakeng se arohaneng). Boleng bo nepahetseng bo hloka ho fumanoa ho latela sebopeho le ho rarahana ha mokokotlo oa lehlabathe.
Nako ea ho folisa le mocheso: Mocheso le nako ka kopanelo li khetholla tekanyo ea ho folisa. Nako e khuts'oane haholo, mokokotlo oa lehlabathe o "underbaked", 'me matla a eona a tlase. Haeba nako e le telele haholo, mokokotlo oa lehlabathe o tla chesoa ka ho feteletseng, bokaholimo ba oona bo tla fetoha bo letšo 'me bo be bobebe,' me katleho ea tlhahiso e tla fokotseha. Fesetere e nepahetseng ea ts'ebetso e hloka ho khethoa ka liteko.
Taolo ea thepa e tala
Boleng ba lehlabathe le koahetsoeng: Boholo ba likaroloana, bokahare ba resin, metsi le ntlha e qhibilihang ea lehlabathe e tlameha ho tsitsa le ho finyella litlhoko. Lehlabathe le seng le le mongobo le le kolobileng ha lea lokela ho sebelisoa le ka mohla.
Mocheso oa lehlabathe: Ho khothalletsoa ho futhumatsa lehlabathe le koahetsoeng pele u sebelisoa (joalo ka likhato tse 25-40), tse ka ntlafatsang haholo metsi a lona le ho tšoana ha pheko.
(3) Tlhokomelo le tlhokomelo ea mechini ea mantlha ea ho thunya
Tlhahlobo ea letsatsi le letsatsi: Hlahloba khatello ea mohloli oa moea, boemo ba oli, hore na ho na le melumo e sa tloaelehang e tsoang likarolong tse tsamaeang, hore na liboutu li hlephile, le hore na lisebelisoa tsa tšireletso li sebetsa hantle.
Tlhokomelo ea kamehla
Phetoho ea Tiiso: Masale a koalang a valve ea ente ea lehlabathe le silindara e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ke likarolo tse tlokotsing 'me li hloka ho nkeloa sebaka ka tsela e reriloeng ho thibela ho tsoa ha moea le oli.
Ho hloekisa le ho tlotsa: Hloekisa ka botlalo lehlabathe le bokeletsoeng ka har'a sesebelisoa 'me u tšele mafura a tlotsang likarolong tse tsamaeang joalo ka liporo tsa tataiso, likurufu tsa loto le li-bearings ho latela melaoana.
Tlhahlobo ea sistimi ea motlakase: Tiisa li-blocks 'me u hlahlobe boemo ba li-relay, likhokahano le lisebelisoa tsa taolo ea mocheso.
Tlhokomelo ea hlooho ea ente ea lehlabathe: Molomo oa ente ea lehlabathe o tloaeleha ho senyeha le ho khomarela lehlabathe, kahoo o hloka ho hloekisoa, ho hlahlojoa le ho nkeloa sebaka khafetsa ho netefatsa boreleli ba mocha oa ente ea lehlabathe.
Kakaretso
Mechini ea ho etsa lithunya tsa mantlha ke lisebelisoa tse matla tsa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le boleng ba tlhahiso ea mantlha ea ho lahla. Leha ho le joalo, ka morao ho ts'ebetso ea bona e phahameng ho na le litlhoko tse tiileng tsa ts'ebetso le likotsi tse ka bang teng.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebeliso: E etselitsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa lehlabathe le koahetsoeng, le loketse ho etsoa ka bongata bo boholo le ka mokhoa o nepahetseng haholo, haholo{0}libaka tse phahameng joalo ka lienjine tsa makoloi.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tseo u lokelang ho li ela hloko: "Tsireletso" e tlameha ho behoa pele. Thibela ka thata-ho chesoa ke mocheso o phahameng, ho chesoa ha mochini,{2}} likotsi tse phahameng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le likotsi tsa lik'hemik'hale. Taba ea bobeli, boleng le botsitso ba mokokotlo oa lehlabathe li tiisitsoe ka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi ea hlobo, ntlafatso ea liparamente tsa ts'ebetso le taolo ea lisebelisoa tse tala. Qetellong, ho kenya tšebetsong leano le tiileng la ho lokisoa ke senotlolo sa ho netefatsa -ts'ebetso e tšepahalang ea nako e telele le ho qoba ho theoha ho sa reroang.